Eri Atlas

Justice

What the available 2015 codes say about court jurisdiction, appeals, arrest, prosecution, and responsibility.

Questions & answers

Which court hears a civil case?The 2015 Code uses the amount involved and whether a claim concerns immovable property to assign the listed civil jurisdiction.Civil Procedure Code (2015), Articles 43–46Where does a civil appeal go?The 2015 Code describes Community → Regional → High → Supreme and states notice and memorandum deadlines.Civil Procedure Code (2015), Articles 360–365What rights apply at arrest?The 2015 Code states a warrant-first rule and requires immediate notice of the allegation, the 48-hour court right, the right to counsel, and reasonable effort to notify a relative.Criminal Procedure Code (2015), Articles 29 and 33Who may seek an heir certificate?The 2015 Civil Code states that an heir may apply to the Court, which may require evidence and security it considers appropriate.Civil Code (2015), Article 853

A case in the Code

From report to court

The responsibilities assigned by the 2015 Criminal Procedure Code.

  1. 01
    Any person

    Report

    Any person may complain to the police or a prosecutor about suspected criminal activity.

    Criminal Procedure Code, Article 48(1)
    may open
  2. 02
    Police · Prosecutor

    Investigation

    Police investigate when an offence appears to have occurred; a prosecutor may direct or conduct an investigation.

    Criminal Procedure Code, Article 50(1) Criminal Procedure Code, Article 24(1)(a)
    report goes to prosecutor
  3. 03
    Prosecutor

    Charge decision

    The prosecutor decides whether the evidence warrants proceedings and what charges, if any, to file.

    Criminal Procedure Code, Article 62(1) Criminal Procedure Code, Article 87(1)
    filed in court
  4. 04
    Court

    Trial and decision

    The Court opens the trial and, after final addresses, makes a finding of guilty or not guilty and gives the parties a written decision.

    Criminal Procedure Code, Article 104(1) Criminal Procedure Code, Article 150(1)

This is the 2015 Code’s path, not a claim about every case today.

Court system

2015 court levels.

  1. 01
    Community Court
    Lower-value civil suits within Article 44 thresholds.Civil Procedure Code, Article 44 Petty offences assigned by other laws.Criminal Procedure Code, Article 17(3)
    First appeal to Regional CourtCivil Procedure Code, Article 361(1)(a)
  2. 02
    Regional Court
    Mid-value civil suits within Article 45 thresholds.Civil Procedure Code, Article 45 Class 8 and 9 serious offences and petty offences.Criminal Procedure Code, Article 17(2)
    First appeal to High CourtCivil Procedure Code, Article 361(1)(b)
  3. 03
    High Court
    Higher-value and specified exclusive civil matters.Civil Procedure Code, Article 46 Class 1 through 7 serious offences.Criminal Procedure Code, Article 17(1)
    First appeal to Supreme CourtCivil Procedure Code, Article 361(1)(c)
  4. 04
    Supreme Court
    First appeals from High Court decisions.Civil Procedure Code, Article 361(1)(c) First appeals from High Court decisions.Criminal Procedure Code, Article 176(1)(c)
    No higher court is listed in these appeal paths.

Responsibilities

2015 assigned roles.

Available code texts

Four codes.

Civil CodePrivate rights and duties, including persons, property, obligations, family, and succession.Civil Procedure CodeCivil jurisdiction, proceedings, judgments, enforcement, and appeals.Penal CodeOffences, criminal responsibility, penalties, and sentencing.Criminal Procedure CodeInvestigation, arrest, prosecution, trial, and criminal appeals.

Beyond the 2015 codes

Gazette instruments

The foundational codes are one part of the public record. Browse preserved Gazette instruments whose titles concern courts, criminal law, civil procedure, prosecution, prisons, and legal practice.

JusticeOpen each record, then continue to its preserved Gazette scan.