{"schemaVersion":1,"recordType":"legal-article","id":"law:eri:code:penal:2015:article:37","workId":"law:eri:code:penal:2015","expressionId":"law:eri:code:penal:2015:en","title":"Participants","number":"37","language":"en","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/37/","hierarchy":{"part":"PART I — THE GENERAL PART","book":"BOOK I — OFFENCES AND THE OFFENDER","title":null,"chapter":"Chapter 5. — Participation in Offences"},"paragraphs":[{"id":"p1","number":"1","text":"Every person commits an offence where he:","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/37/#p1","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":46,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/46/?article=37&paragraph=p1#article-37-p1"}]},{"id":"p1a","number":"a","parentId":"p1","text":"actually commits the offence directly or indirectly, for example by means of an animal or a natural force; or","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/37/#p1a","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":46,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/46/?article=37&paragraph=p1a#article-37-p1a"}]},{"id":"p1b","number":"b","parentId":"p1","text":"without performing the criminal act itself fully associates himself with the commission of the offence and the intended result; or","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/37/#p1b","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":46,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/46/?article=37&paragraph=p1b#article-37-p1b"}]},{"id":"p1c","number":"c","parentId":"p1","text":"employs a mentally deficient person or a minor for the commission of an offence or knowingly compels another person to commit an offence.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/37/#p1c","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":46,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/46/?article=37&paragraph=p1c#article-37-p1c"}]},{"id":"p2","number":"2","text":"Where the offence goes beyond the intention of the offender he shall be tried in accordance with Art. 13(3).","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/37/#p2","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":46,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/46/?article=37&paragraph=p2#article-37-p2"}]},{"id":"p3","number":"3","text":"Where several co-offenders are involved they shall be liable to the same punishment as provided by law.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/37/#p3","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":46,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/46/?article=37&paragraph=p3#article-37-p3"}]},{"id":"p3-tail","number":"","parentId":"p3","text":"The Court shall take into account the provisions governing the effect of personal circumstances (Article 39) and those governing the award of punishment according to the degree of individual guilt (Article 59).","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/37/#p3-tail","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":46,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/46/?article=37&paragraph=p3-tail#article-37-p3-tail"}]}],"caution":"English-language 2015 Ministry of Justice edition. Refworld catalogues this English expression as an unofficial translation; Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation."}