{"schemaVersion":1,"recordType":"legal-article","id":"law:eri:code:penal:2015:article:146","workId":"law:eri:code:penal:2015","expressionId":"law:eri:code:penal:2015:en","title":"Aggravated Breach of Confidence","number":"146","language":"en","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/","hierarchy":{"part":"PART II — THE SPECIAL PART","book":"BOOK II — OFFENCES AGAINST THE INTERESTS OF THE STATE","title":null,"chapter":"Chapter 5. — Offences Violating Official Duties"},"paragraphs":[{"id":"p1","number":"1","text":"A person who commits an offence under Article 144 for the purpose of gaining for himself or another monetary or other undue advantages,","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/#p1","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":132,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/132/?article=146&paragraph=p1#article-146-p1"}]},{"id":"p1-tail","number":"","parentId":"p1","text":"is guilty of aggravated breach of confidence by a public official, a Class 7 serious offence, punishable with a definite term of imprisonment of not less than 5 years and not more than 7 years.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/#p1-tail","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":132,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/132/?article=146&paragraph=p1-tail#article-146-p1-tail"},{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":133,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/133/?article=146&paragraph=p1-tail#article-146-p1-tail"}]},{"id":"p2","number":"2","text":"A person who commits an offence under Article 139 for the purpose of gaining for himself or another monetary or other undue advantages,","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/#p2","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":133,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/133/?article=146&paragraph=p2#article-146-p2"}]},{"id":"p2-tail","number":"","parentId":"p2","text":"is guilty of aggravated breach of confidence, a Class 8 serious offence, punishable with a definite term of imprisonment of not less than 3 years and not more than 5 years.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/#p2-tail","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":133,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/133/?article=146&paragraph=p2-tail#article-146-p2-tail"}]},{"id":"p3","number":"3","text":"It shall not be a defense that the offender is no longer employed in the position or engaged in the activity that gave rise to the duty of confidentiality or secrecy.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/#p3","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":133,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/133/?article=146&paragraph=p3#article-146-p3"}]},{"id":"p4","number":"4","text":"No person shall be found guilty where:","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/#p4","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":133,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/133/?article=146&paragraph=p4#article-146-p4"}]},{"id":"p4a","number":"a","parentId":"p4","text":"the information became public by means not attributable to the offender before the offender revealed the secret or confidential information;","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/#p4a","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":133,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/133/?article=146&paragraph=p4a#article-146-p4a"}]},{"id":"p4b","number":"b","parentId":"p4","text":"the information was revealed pursuant to a law or an order of a Court of law or other competent authority; or","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/#p4b","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":133,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/133/?article=146&paragraph=p4b#article-146-p4b"}]},{"id":"p4c","number":"c","parentId":"p4","text":"the person or authority for whom the information is being kept confidential or secret has expressly authorized the disclosure.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/146/#p4c","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":133,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/133/?article=146&paragraph=p4c#article-146-p4c"}]}],"caution":"English-language 2015 Ministry of Justice edition. Refworld catalogues this English expression as an unofficial translation; Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation."}