{"schemaVersion":1,"recordType":"legal-article","id":"law:eri:code:civil:2015:article:578","workId":"law:eri:code:civil:2015","expressionId":"law:eri:code:civil:2015:en","title":"Presumption","number":"578","language":"en","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/civil-code-2015/article/578/","hierarchy":{"book":"BOOK II - FAMILY","title":"TITLE I. - BONDS OF RELATIONSHIP BY CONSANGUINITY AND BY AFFINITY.","chapter":"Chapter 5. - Effects of Marriage","section":"Section 3. - Pecuniary Effects of Marriage","paragraph":null},"paragraphs":[{"id":"p1","number":"1","text":"All property shall be deemed to be common unless one of the spouses proves that he is the sole owner thereof.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/civil-code-2015/article/578/#p1","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"civil-code-2015-en","pdfPage":160,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/civil-code-2015/page/160/?article=578&paragraph=p1#article-578-p1"}]},{"id":"p2","number":"2","text":"The fact that certain property is personal may not be set up by the spouses against a third person unless the latter knew or should have known of such fact.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/civil-code-2015/article/578/#p2","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"civil-code-2015-en","pdfPage":160,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/civil-code-2015/page/160/?article=578&paragraph=p2#article-578-p2"}]}],"caution":"This is the 2015 English-language edition attributed in its front matter to the Ministry of Justice. Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation, later changes, or whether the text is currently in force. Nine passages are incomplete in the available scan and are identified where they occur."}