{"schemaVersion":1,"recordType":"legal-article","id":"law:eri:code:civil:2015:article:23","workId":"law:eri:code:civil:2015","expressionId":"law:eri:code:civil:2015:en","title":"Professional Secrecy","number":"23","language":"en","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/civil-code-2015/article/23/","hierarchy":{"book":"BOOK I - PERSONS","title":"TITLE I - NATURAL PERSONS","chapter":"Chapter 1. - Personality and the Rights Inherent to Personality","section":"Section 2. - Rights of Personality","paragraph":"B. - Medical Examinations"},"paragraphs":[{"id":"p1","number":"1","text":"A person may not be compelled to reveal facts which have come to his knowledge by reason of his profession, if by revealing such facts he would betray or risk betraying the confidence which a third person has reposed in him by very reason of his profession.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/civil-code-2015/article/23/#p1","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"civil-code-2015-en","pdfPage":23,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/civil-code-2015/page/23/?article=23&paragraph=p1#article-23-p1"}]},{"id":"p2","number":"2","text":"The person who has confided or disclosed such facts may ensure that they be not revealed by the person in whom he has reposed his confidence.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/civil-code-2015/article/23/#p2","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"civil-code-2015-en","pdfPage":23,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/civil-code-2015/page/23/?article=23&paragraph=p2#article-23-p2"}]},{"id":"p3","number":"3","text":"Nothing in this Article shall affect the relevant provisions of the Penal Code.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/civil-code-2015/article/23/#p3","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"civil-code-2015-en","pdfPage":23,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/civil-code-2015/page/23/?article=23&paragraph=p3#article-23-p3"}]}],"caution":"This is the 2015 English-language edition attributed in its front matter to the Ministry of Justice. Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation, later changes, or whether the text is currently in force. Nine passages are incomplete in the available scan and are identified where they occur."}